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\n <\/a>\n <\/div><\/p>\nPig Diseases<\/h2><\/div>- All<\/a><\/li>
- B<\/a><\/li>
- C<\/a><\/li>
- D<\/a><\/li>
- E<\/a><\/li>
- G<\/a><\/li>
- L<\/a><\/li>
- M<\/a><\/li>
- P<\/a><\/li>
- R<\/a><\/li>
- S<\/a><\/li>
- T<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>B<\/div>
- Blue Ear Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>C<\/div>
- Clostridia<\/a><\/li>
- Coccidiosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li>
- Colibacillosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>D<\/div>
- Diarrhea (Piglet)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>E<\/div>
- E. coli<\/a><\/li>
- Eimeria<\/a><\/li>
- Enteritis - Necrotic<\/a><\/li>
- Erysipelas<\/a><\/li>
- External Parasites<\/a><\/li>
- Edema Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>G<\/div>
- Greasy Pig Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>L<\/div>
- Lice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>M<\/div>
- Mange<\/a><\/li>
- Meningitis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>P<\/div>
- Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- PEARS<\/a><\/li>
- Piglet Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- Pneumonia<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Epidemic Abortion and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Post-weaning Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- PRRS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>R<\/div>
- Respiratory Disease<\/a><\/li>
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>S<\/div>
- Scours<\/a><\/li>
- SIRS<\/a><\/li>
- Skin conditions<\/a><\/li>
- Streptococcal Infections<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Pox<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>T<\/div>
- Tetanus<\/a><\/li>
- Ticks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
Skin Conditions in Pigs<\/h4>\n
Includes the following conditions: External parasites, Greasy Pig Disease, Lice, Mange, Ringworm, Swine Pox and Ticks<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n![\"Piglets](\"https:\/\/www.farmhealthonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Piglets-in-mud-300x200.jpg\")
<\/a>Greasy pig disease is a bacterial infection associated with young piglets fighting.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>A variety of diseases, parasites and disorders affect the skin of pigs, and can result in economic losses through sub-optimal growth rates (Cargill and Davies, 2001<\/a>). Skin lesions can be the result of parasitic disease, infectious agents, physical damage by the environment or other pigs, and developmental causes. The risks to outdoor pigs are likely to be different to those\u00a0suffered by\u00a0pigs kept in enclosed environments.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/a>In this section, the following skin conditions are considered:<\/p>\n\n- Greasy pig disease (Facial dermatitis\/exudative epidermitis)<\/a><\/li>\n
- Lice<\/a><\/li>\n
- Mange<\/a><\/li>\n
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li>\n
- Swine pox<\/a><\/li>\n
- Ticks<\/a><\/li>\n
- Pityriasis rosea<\/a><\/li>\n
- Flies<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Greasy Pig Disease<\/h3>\n
Formally known as facial dermatitis, Greasy Pig Disease (exudative epidermitis) commonly affects neonatal piglets causing skin lesions on the cheeks, neck, ear tips and body. It also occurs in older age groups, particularly\u00a0when pigs fight each other e.g. when they are mixed following weaning, or if there is limited access to water.\u00a0 Lesions begin with dullness of the skin combined with small, brown scales on the skin surface.\u00a0 These develop by spreading over a greater surface area, becoming darker in colour and releasing an exudate that gives the skin a \u201cgreasy\u201d texture.\u00a0 As the scabs and exudate acquire dirt, the lesions gradually become black in colour.\u00a0 These lesions have an acute onset and can rapidly result in a depressed demeanor and dehydration if left untreated.\u00a0 In the worst cases piglets can die (Taylor, 2013<\/a>).\u00a0 The organism linked to the disease is Staphylococcus hyicus<\/em>, which commonly colonizes pig skin without causing disease (White, 2007<\/a>). Unlike Sarcoptic mange, it is non-irritant. Damage to the skin, through fighting or collision, can trigger the disease. High humidity in buildings increases the risk of\u00a0disease as\u00a0S. hyicus<\/em> proliferates on moist skin. The disease is linked to the incidence of competition and fighting amongst piglets (although it can affect all age groups) and the prevalence of mange (Potter, 1998<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/a>A rare and fatal form of S<\/em>. hyicus<\/em> infection can occur in which the entire skin becomes thick and wrinkled. Euthanasia should be considered for animals with such a condition.<\/p>\nClick here to read about the treatment of greasy pig disease<\/a><\/p>\nLice<\/h3>\n
Typically the most common louse found in pig herds is the large Haematopinus suis<\/em> (5-6mm), found in skin folds around the neck and jowl, the ears, the legs and the flanks. The lice are a yellow-brown colour and can be seen with the naked eye, most clearly on white pigs. (Taylor, 2013<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/a>\u00a0Lice (along with mange) were the highest-ranking current health concern identified in a survey of UK organic pig farms (Day et al., 2003<\/a>).<\/p>\nClick here to read about the treatment of lice in pigs<\/a><\/p>\nMange<\/h3>\n
Mange is a parasitic disease of the skin caused by one of two mites either Sarcoptes<\/em> scabiei<\/em>\u00a0var. Suis<\/em> or Demodex phylloides<\/em>. Sarcoptic mange (sometimes called Scabies) is present in almost all countries in the world where swine are raised, and it is considered the most important ectoparasite<\/a><\/span> \u00a0of pigs (Desrosiers, 2011<\/a>). This burrowing mite is about 0.3-0.6mm in length and the entire lifecycle takes place on the pig, although mites have been shown to be capable of surviving off host for a few days. Sarcoptic mange results in skin lesions and discomfort for the animal, particularly around the eyes, snout, ears and hocks (Taylor, 1995<\/a>). Intense itching is an important clinical sign associated with mange infestations. Mange can impact on production, with reduced growth rates and poor feeding efficiency, with reductions in growth rates of 4.5-12% possible in affected pigs (Zimmerman et al<\/em>, 2012<\/a>).<\/p>\nFor herds with mange already present, risk factors for the spread of\u00a0S. scabiei<\/em> were found to be\u00a0mixed housing of dry and nursing sows in the same unit (vs.<\/em> separate housing) and straw bedding (vs.<\/em> strawless) (Damriyasa et al., 2004<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n![\"Outdoor](\"https:\/\/www.farmhealthonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Outdoor-pigs-300x200.jpg\")
<\/a>There is less opportunity for the spread of mange in pigs\u00a0living in outdoor ranges, due to reduced direct contact between pigs.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>The mite spreads either by close contact with skin or contaminated surfaces. Breeding boars are chronic carriers and help to maintain infection in the herd (www.thepigsite.com<\/a> ). Opportunities for spread in outdoor systems are likely to be reduced as sows are in less close contact than when in housed systems. In systems which adopt a closed herd policy the risk is further reduced. The common clinical signs of infection are ear shaking and severe rubbing of the skin against the sides of the pen. The pigs may also lose condition. The skin becomes sensitized to the mite protein and a severe allergy may develop 3-8 weeks after infection with very tiny red pimples covering the whole of the skin causing intense irritation, head shaking, the appearance of bare patches and possibly bleeding, caused by rubbing. As the infestation progresses the skin becomes thickened, crusted with exudates and secondarily infected due to damage caused by the host scratching (Taylor et al., 2007<\/a>).<\/a><\/p>\nClick here to read about the treatment of mange in pigs<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\nThere is always itching with Sarcoptic mange, so in cases of dermatitis where there is no itch, Sarcoptic mange can be eliminated as a possibility (Taylor et al., 2007<\/a>). However, care should be taken to ensure that there is\u00a0sufficient\u00a0observation to confirm\u00a0that there is no itching occurring.<\/div>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ringworm<\/h3>\n
A fungal disease commonly found around the base of the ear and flanks. This is an uncommon condition in pigs but where it does exist it is of little economic significance (www.thepigsite.com<\/a> ). It is caused by a Dermatophyte<\/em> fungus causing gradually increasing circular areas of light to dark brown discoloration behind the ears and on the back and <\/a>flanks. All ages of pig can be affected. It is also a zoonosis, i.e. stock persons may be at risk of acquiring an infection by being in contact with affected pigs.<\/p>\nClick here to read about the treatment of\u00a0ringworm in pigs<\/a><\/p>\nSwine pox<\/h3>\n
The Swine Pox virus is widespread and infects swine through skin abrasions, causing circular red lesions on the flank, abdomen, face and head (Taylor, 1995<\/a>). It affects all age groups although it is unusual in piglets however there is evidence to suggest it is a congenital disease (Thibault et al., 1998<\/a>). The virus can survive outside the pig for long periods of time and is resistant to environmental changes.<\/p>\nIt can also be spread by flies,\u00a0lice or mange mites<\/a>\u00a0and can be consequential of skin damage caused by fighting or injury. Fresh oat straw has been incriminated because it can inflict superficial skin abrasions.<\/p>\nThe lesions are small circular red areas of up to approximately 20 mm in diameter, that start as a vesicle containing straw-coloured fluid which ruptures within a few days to form a black scab. Secondary dermatitis may follow (www.thepigsite.com<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<\/a>Swine pox can be confused with localized greasy pig disease<\/a>, pustular dermatitis and the allergic form of mange. It is important to note that for any disease that creates vesicular\u00a0lesions, particularly around the mouth, nose, tongue or coronary band, Hoof\u00a0and Mouth should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.\u00a0 Swine pox does not usually focus on these areas, but if you are concerned, contact your\u00a0vet immediately.<\/p>\nClick here to read about the treatment of\u00a0swine pox\u00a0in pigs<\/a><\/p>\nTicks<\/h3>\n
<\/a>Ticks can be a significant problem in the U.S.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Click here to read about the treatment of ticks in pigs<\/a><\/p>\nPityriasis rosea<\/h3>\n
Pityriasis rosea is also known as pustular psoriaform dermatitis and\u00a0appears as epidermal rings, mainly on the ventral abdomen and inner thighs. The disease is seen in young piglets, usually 3-14 weeks of age and although the exact cause is unknown, it does appear to be hereditary (Zimmerman et al<\/em>, 2012<\/a>). This section is still being prepared, with more information to follow, please check for updates.<\/em><\/p>\nFlies<\/h3>\n
Biting flies, usually the Housefly (Musca domestica)<\/em> and the Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans<\/em>), as well as screwworm flies (Callitroga<\/em> spp.) commonly affect pigs, resulting in rubbing, scratching, alopecia<\/a><\/span>, bleeding and excoriations<\/a><\/span>, as well as raised\u00a0wheals and
- All<\/a><\/li>
- B<\/a><\/li>
- C<\/a><\/li>
- D<\/a><\/li>
- E<\/a><\/li>
- G<\/a><\/li>
- L<\/a><\/li>
- M<\/a><\/li>
- P<\/a><\/li>
- R<\/a><\/li>
- S<\/a><\/li>
- T<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>B<\/div>- Blue Ear Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>C<\/div>
- Clostridia<\/a><\/li>
- Coccidiosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li>
- Colibacillosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>D<\/div>- Diarrhea (Piglet)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>E<\/div>
- E. coli<\/a><\/li>
- Eimeria<\/a><\/li>
- Enteritis - Necrotic<\/a><\/li>
- Erysipelas<\/a><\/li>
- External Parasites<\/a><\/li>
- Edema Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>G<\/div>- Greasy Pig Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>L<\/div>
- Lice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>M<\/div>
- Mange<\/a><\/li>
- Meningitis<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>P<\/div>- Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- PEARS<\/a><\/li>
- Piglet Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- Pneumonia<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Epidemic Abortion and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Post-weaning Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- PRRS<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>R<\/div>- Respiratory Disease<\/a><\/li>
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>S<\/div>- Scours<\/a><\/li>
- SIRS<\/a><\/li>
- Skin conditions<\/a><\/li>
- Streptococcal Infections<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Pox<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>T<\/div>- Tetanus<\/a><\/li>
- Ticks<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nSkin Conditions in Pigs<\/h4>\n
Includes the following conditions: External parasites, Greasy Pig Disease, Lice, Mange, Ringworm, Swine Pox and Ticks<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/a>Greasy pig disease is a bacterial infection associated with young piglets fighting.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n
<\/span>A variety of diseases, parasites and disorders affect the skin of pigs, and can result in economic losses through sub-optimal growth rates (Cargill and Davies, 2001<\/a>). Skin lesions can be the result of parasitic disease, infectious agents, physical damage by the environment or other pigs, and developmental causes. The risks to outdoor pigs are likely to be different to those\u00a0suffered by\u00a0pigs kept in enclosed environments.<\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/a>In this section, the following skin conditions are considered:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Greasy pig disease (Facial dermatitis\/exudative epidermitis)<\/a><\/li>\n
- Lice<\/a><\/li>\n
- Mange<\/a><\/li>\n
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li>\n
- Swine pox<\/a><\/li>\n
- Ticks<\/a><\/li>\n
- Pityriasis rosea<\/a><\/li>\n
- Flies<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Greasy Pig Disease<\/h3>\n
Formally known as facial dermatitis, Greasy Pig Disease (exudative epidermitis) commonly affects neonatal piglets causing skin lesions on the cheeks, neck, ear tips and body. It also occurs in older age groups, particularly\u00a0when pigs fight each other e.g. when they are mixed following weaning, or if there is limited access to water.\u00a0 Lesions begin with dullness of the skin combined with small, brown scales on the skin surface.\u00a0 These develop by spreading over a greater surface area, becoming darker in colour and releasing an exudate that gives the skin a \u201cgreasy\u201d texture.\u00a0 As the scabs and exudate acquire dirt, the lesions gradually become black in colour.\u00a0 These lesions have an acute onset and can rapidly result in a depressed demeanor and dehydration if left untreated.\u00a0 In the worst cases piglets can die (Taylor, 2013<\/a>).\u00a0 The organism linked to the disease is Staphylococcus hyicus<\/em>, which commonly colonizes pig skin without causing disease (White, 2007<\/a>). Unlike Sarcoptic mange, it is non-irritant. Damage to the skin, through fighting or collision, can trigger the disease. High humidity in buildings increases the risk of\u00a0disease as\u00a0S. hyicus<\/em> proliferates on moist skin. The disease is linked to the incidence of competition and fighting amongst piglets (although it can affect all age groups) and the prevalence of mange (Potter, 1998<\/a>).<\/p>\n
<\/a>A rare and fatal form of S<\/em>. hyicus<\/em> infection can occur in which the entire skin becomes thick and wrinkled. Euthanasia should be considered for animals with such a condition.<\/p>\n
Click here to read about the treatment of greasy pig disease<\/a><\/p>\n
Lice<\/h3>\n
Typically the most common louse found in pig herds is the large Haematopinus suis<\/em> (5-6mm), found in skin folds around the neck and jowl, the ears, the legs and the flanks. The lice are a yellow-brown colour and can be seen with the naked eye, most clearly on white pigs. (Taylor, 2013<\/a>).<\/p>\n
<\/a>\u00a0Lice (along with mange) were the highest-ranking current health concern identified in a survey of UK organic pig farms (Day et al., 2003<\/a>).<\/p>\n
Click here to read about the treatment of lice in pigs<\/a><\/p>\n
Mange<\/h3>\n
Mange is a parasitic disease of the skin caused by one of two mites either Sarcoptes<\/em> scabiei<\/em>\u00a0var. Suis<\/em> or Demodex phylloides<\/em>. Sarcoptic mange (sometimes called Scabies) is present in almost all countries in the world where swine are raised, and it is considered the most important ectoparasite<\/a><\/span> \u00a0of pigs (Desrosiers, 2011<\/a>). This burrowing mite is about 0.3-0.6mm in length and the entire lifecycle takes place on the pig, although mites have been shown to be capable of surviving off host for a few days. Sarcoptic mange results in skin lesions and discomfort for the animal, particularly around the eyes, snout, ears and hocks (Taylor, 1995<\/a>). Intense itching is an important clinical sign associated with mange infestations. Mange can impact on production, with reduced growth rates and poor feeding efficiency, with reductions in growth rates of 4.5-12% possible in affected pigs (Zimmerman et al<\/em>, 2012<\/a>).<\/p>\n
For herds with mange already present, risk factors for the spread of\u00a0S. scabiei<\/em> were found to be\u00a0mixed housing of dry and nursing sows in the same unit (vs.<\/em> separate housing) and straw bedding (vs.<\/em> strawless) (Damriyasa et al., 2004<\/a>).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/a>There is less opportunity for the spread of mange in pigs\u00a0living in outdoor ranges, due to reduced direct contact between pigs.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n
<\/span>The mite spreads either by close contact with skin or contaminated surfaces. Breeding boars are chronic carriers and help to maintain infection in the herd (www.thepigsite.com<\/a> ). Opportunities for spread in outdoor systems are likely to be reduced as sows are in less close contact than when in housed systems. In systems which adopt a closed herd policy the risk is further reduced. The common clinical signs of infection are ear shaking and severe rubbing of the skin against the sides of the pen. The pigs may also lose condition. The skin becomes sensitized to the mite protein and a severe allergy may develop 3-8 weeks after infection with very tiny red pimples covering the whole of the skin causing intense irritation, head shaking, the appearance of bare patches and possibly bleeding, caused by rubbing. As the infestation progresses the skin becomes thickened, crusted with exudates and secondarily infected due to damage caused by the host scratching (Taylor et al., 2007<\/a>).<\/a><\/p>\n
Click here to read about the treatment of mange in pigs<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
There is always itching with Sarcoptic mange, so in cases of dermatitis where there is no itch, Sarcoptic mange can be eliminated as a possibility (Taylor et al., 2007<\/a>). However, care should be taken to ensure that there is\u00a0sufficient\u00a0observation to confirm\u00a0that there is no itching occurring.<\/div>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
Ringworm<\/h3>\n
A fungal disease commonly found around the base of the ear and flanks. This is an uncommon condition in pigs but where it does exist it is of little economic significance (www.thepigsite.com<\/a> ). It is caused by a Dermatophyte<\/em> fungus causing gradually increasing circular areas of light to dark brown discoloration behind the ears and on the back and <\/a>flanks. All ages of pig can be affected. It is also a zoonosis, i.e. stock persons may be at risk of acquiring an infection by being in contact with affected pigs.<\/p>\n
Click here to read about the treatment of\u00a0ringworm in pigs<\/a><\/p>\n
Swine pox<\/h3>\n
The Swine Pox virus is widespread and infects swine through skin abrasions, causing circular red lesions on the flank, abdomen, face and head (Taylor, 1995<\/a>). It affects all age groups although it is unusual in piglets however there is evidence to suggest it is a congenital disease (Thibault et al., 1998<\/a>). The virus can survive outside the pig for long periods of time and is resistant to environmental changes.<\/p>\n
It can also be spread by flies,\u00a0lice or mange mites<\/a>\u00a0and can be consequential of skin damage caused by fighting or injury. Fresh oat straw has been incriminated because it can inflict superficial skin abrasions.<\/p>\n
The lesions are small circular red areas of up to approximately 20 mm in diameter, that start as a vesicle containing straw-coloured fluid which ruptures within a few days to form a black scab. Secondary dermatitis may follow (www.thepigsite.com<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n
<\/a>Swine pox can be confused with localized greasy pig disease<\/a>, pustular dermatitis and the allergic form of mange. It is important to note that for any disease that creates vesicular\u00a0lesions, particularly around the mouth, nose, tongue or coronary band, Hoof\u00a0and Mouth should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.\u00a0 Swine pox does not usually focus on these areas, but if you are concerned, contact your\u00a0vet immediately.<\/p>\n
Click here to read about the treatment of\u00a0swine pox\u00a0in pigs<\/a><\/p>\n
Ticks<\/h3>\n
<\/a>Ticks can be a significant problem in the U.S.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Click here to read about the treatment of ticks in pigs<\/a><\/p>\n
Pityriasis rosea<\/h3>\n
Pityriasis rosea is also known as pustular psoriaform dermatitis and\u00a0appears as epidermal rings, mainly on the ventral abdomen and inner thighs. The disease is seen in young piglets, usually 3-14 weeks of age and although the exact cause is unknown, it does appear to be hereditary (Zimmerman et al<\/em>, 2012<\/a>). This section is still being prepared, with more information to follow, please check for updates.<\/em><\/p>\n
Flies<\/h3>\n
Biting flies, usually the Housefly (Musca domestica)<\/em> and the Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans<\/em>), as well as screwworm flies (Callitroga<\/em> spp.) commonly affect pigs, resulting in rubbing, scratching, alopecia<\/a><\/span>, bleeding and excoriations<\/a><\/span>, as well as raised\u00a0wheals and
- Lice<\/a><\/li>\n
- Ticks<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- SIRS<\/a><\/li>
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- PEARS<\/a><\/li>
- Meningitis<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- Mange<\/a><\/li>
- Lice<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- Eimeria<\/a><\/li>
- E. coli<\/a><\/li>
- Coccidiosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li>
- Clostridia<\/a><\/li>
- B<\/a><\/li>