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\n <\/a>\n <\/div><\/p>\nPig Diseases<\/h2><\/div>- All<\/a><\/li>
- B<\/a><\/li>
- C<\/a><\/li>
- D<\/a><\/li>
- E<\/a><\/li>
- G<\/a><\/li>
- L<\/a><\/li>
- M<\/a><\/li>
- P<\/a><\/li>
- R<\/a><\/li>
- S<\/a><\/li>
- T<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>B<\/div>
- Blue Ear Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>C<\/div>
- Clostridia<\/a><\/li>
- Coccidiosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li>
- Colibacillosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>D<\/div>
- Diarrhea (Piglet)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>E<\/div>
- E. coli<\/a><\/li>
- Eimeria<\/a><\/li>
- Enteritis - Necrotic<\/a><\/li>
- Erysipelas<\/a><\/li>
- External Parasites<\/a><\/li>
- Edema Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>G<\/div>
- Greasy Pig Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>L<\/div>
- Lice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>M<\/div>
- Mange<\/a><\/li>
- Meningitis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>P<\/div>
- Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- PEARS<\/a><\/li>
- Piglet Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- Pneumonia<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Epidemic Abortion and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Post-weaning Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- PRRS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>R<\/div>
- Respiratory Disease<\/a><\/li>
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>S<\/div>
- Scours<\/a><\/li>
- SIRS<\/a><\/li>
- Skin conditions<\/a><\/li>
- Streptococcal Infections<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Pox<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>T<\/div>
- Tetanus<\/a><\/li>
- Ticks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n
Colibacillosis in Pigs<\/h4>\n
Also known as: E. coli infection. Including: Edema Disease<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\nThere are a range of causes of piglet diarrhea, of which Escherichia coli<\/em> (E. coli<\/em>) infection is one of the most common, particularly in gilt litters. Although most strains of \u00a0E. coli<\/em> are harmless, some are extremely harmful to the piglet and most of these are classified as hemolytic<\/a><\/span> E. coli<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\nE. coli<\/em>\u00a0infection, or colibacillosis, is a bacterial disease affecting both indoor and outdoor herds, occurring both chronically<\/a><\/span> and sporadically (Potter, 1998)<\/a>. E. coli <\/em>infections occur at three main stages: neonatal diarrhea (in the first few days after farrowing), young piglet diarrhea (from the first week post-farrowing to weaning) and post-weaning diarrhea (in the first weeks after weaning) (Straw et al<\/em>, 2006)<\/a>. They can also be present in combination with other pathogens including rotavirus, and cause other diseases such as edema disease and urinary tract infections (Bertschinger and Fairbrother, 1999; Cowart, 1995)<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/a>E. coli<\/em> from livestock feces can survive on grass for at least 5-6 months, affording opportunity to contaminate animals, plants or water. E. coli<\/em> on pasture originating from pigs declines significantly faster than that originating from cattle and sheep (Avery et al., 2004)<\/a>. It is therefore important to move arcs to fresh pasture between uses.<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n\nNeonatal E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nPost-weaning E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nNutrition and E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nBreed resistance and E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nControl and Prevention<\/a>
\nTreatment Options<\/a>
\nGood Practice<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nNeonatal E. coli <\/em>infection<\/h3>\n<\/a>Infection in neonatal piglets is due to sudden exposure to the bacteria on the skin of the mother, the farrowing hut environment and from other piglets. The excretion rate of E. coli<\/em> from the sow increases the week following parturition<\/a><\/span> (Goswami et al., 2011; Hampson et al., 1987)<\/a>. Pathogenic E. coli<\/em> produce a toxin in the intestine that\u00a0can result in severe fluid loss (scours). Diarrhea will appear within the first 2-3 hours after infection and\u00a0can occur\u00a0in\u00a0either\u00a0individual piglets or whole litters (Bertschinger and Fairbrother, 1999)<\/a>. Feces may be clear or white\/yellow\/brown. Severe cases result in dehydration, and mortality<\/a><\/span> of up to 70% in piglets affected in the first days of life. This mortality rate rapidly decreases as pigs are affected at later stages (Taylor, 2013; Hall, 1989)<\/a>. Diagnosis requires laboratory testing of gut contents or rectal swabs.<\/p>\nYoung piglet diarrhea (between the neonatal and post-weaning periods)<\/h3>\n
Pre-weaning piglets, between the ages of 7 and 28 days old, can be affected by a grey or white diarrhea and become hairy and emaciated, which may result in permanent stunting (Taylor, 2013)<\/a>. Pigs of any age that are fed milk replacer diets or poor quality creep feed, may also be affected by this type of diarrhea. It rarely affects a whole litter, the larger animals of the litter tend to be worst affected, and\u00a0many, if not all, litters on the farm can be affected. From 8 days onwards, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis may occur, resulting in sudden death, with or without the passage of brown diarrhea. The feces of recovering animals tend to remain white, whilst getting progressively firmer\u00a0(Taylor, 2013)<\/a>.<\/p>\nPost-weaning E. coli <\/em>infection<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n![\"pig](\"https:\/\/www.farmhealthonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/pig-snouts-300x200.jpg\")
<\/a>Post-weaning colibacillosis causes watery yellow or grey\/brown watery projectile diarrhea and\u00a0dehydration. Blood and mucus are rarely present. Once pigs stop receiving maternal antibodies from their mother’s milk, they become susceptible to infections of E. coli<\/em> acquired from the farm environment.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<\/span>The weaning of piglets is often associated with digestive disorders, particularly diarrhea post-weaning colibacillosis (PWC) which is caused by infection with enterotoxigenic<\/a><\/span> strains of E. coli<\/em> (Montagne et al, 2004)<\/a>. Infections in young and weaned piglets mirror neonatal infections, producing yellowish diarrhea and dehydration. Feed intake falls significantly, and severe cases show signs of lethargy and disorientation. However, diarrhea tends to be less severe, and although growth rates may be affected, mortality rates are lower, at around 10% (Taylor, 1995)<\/a>.<\/p>\nCertain serotypes of E. coli<\/em> cause edema disease, typically after weaning (Bertschinger and Fairbrother, 1999)<\/a>. Edema<\/a><\/span> disease, also known as bowel edema, can occur concurrently with post-weaning diarrhea. Whereas PWC is a communicable diarrhea caused by endotoxins<\/a><\/span>, edema disease is a communicable enterotoxemia<\/a><\/span>\u00a0caused by verotoxigenic\u00a0strains of E. coli <\/em>(Straw et al, <\/em>2006)<\/a>. The protein toxin released by the E.coli<\/em> enters the bloodstream and damages certain tissues. Edema<\/a><\/span> of the mesocolon and submucosa of the stomach are frequently seen.<\/p>\nThere is a noticeable difference in mortality caused by edema disease and post-weaning diarrhea, with the latter averaging 30-40% mortality and edema disease averaging 50-90% mortality (Straw et al<\/em>, 2006)<\/a>. In a live pig, diagnosis of edema disease is based on the sudden appearance of neurological symptoms, most usually ataxia<\/a><\/span> or a staggering gait, 1-2 weeks after weaning. Swelling under the skin of the eyelids and frontal bones are also characteristic\u00a0(Straw et al<\/em>, 2006)<\/a>. Please consult your veterinarian for further advice.<\/p>\n<\/a>Other common causes of piglet diarrhea:<\/p>\n\n- Piglet diarrhea<\/a>\u00a0(Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Clostridial infections<\/a>\u00a0(Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Coccidiosis<\/a>\u00a0(Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Salmonellosis (All age groups)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) (Most dramatic in neonates, but can affect other age groups)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV)<\/a>\u00a0(Most dramatic in neonates, but can affect other age groups)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Rotavirus (Usually neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Cryptosporidium (Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- All<\/a><\/li>
- B<\/a><\/li>
- C<\/a><\/li>
- D<\/a><\/li>
- E<\/a><\/li>
- G<\/a><\/li>
- L<\/a><\/li>
- M<\/a><\/li>
- P<\/a><\/li>
- R<\/a><\/li>
- S<\/a><\/li>
- T<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>B<\/div>- Blue Ear Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>C<\/div>
- Clostridia<\/a><\/li>
- Coccidiosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li>
- Colibacillosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>D<\/div>- Diarrhea (Piglet)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>E<\/div>
- E. coli<\/a><\/li>
- Eimeria<\/a><\/li>
- Enteritis - Necrotic<\/a><\/li>
- Erysipelas<\/a><\/li>
- External Parasites<\/a><\/li>
- Edema Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>G<\/div>- Greasy Pig Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>L<\/div>
- Lice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>M<\/div>
- Mange<\/a><\/li>
- Meningitis<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>P<\/div>- Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- PEARS<\/a><\/li>
- Piglet Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- Pneumonia<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Epidemic Abortion and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Parvovirus<\/a><\/li>
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Post-weaning Diarrhea<\/a><\/li>
- PRRS<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>R<\/div>- Respiratory Disease<\/a><\/li>
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>S<\/div>- Scours<\/a><\/li>
- SIRS<\/a><\/li>
- Skin conditions<\/a><\/li>
- Streptococcal Infections<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome<\/a><\/li>
- Swine Pox<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div>T<\/div>- Tetanus<\/a><\/li>
- Ticks<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\nColibacillosis in Pigs<\/h4>\n
Also known as: E. coli infection. Including: Edema Disease<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
\nThere are a range of causes of piglet diarrhea, of which Escherichia coli<\/em> (E. coli<\/em>) infection is one of the most common, particularly in gilt litters. Although most strains of \u00a0E. coli<\/em> are harmless, some are extremely harmful to the piglet and most of these are classified as hemolytic<\/a><\/span> E. coli<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\nE. coli<\/em>\u00a0infection, or colibacillosis, is a bacterial disease affecting both indoor and outdoor herds, occurring both chronically<\/a><\/span> and sporadically (Potter, 1998)<\/a>. E. coli <\/em>infections occur at three main stages: neonatal diarrhea (in the first few days after farrowing), young piglet diarrhea (from the first week post-farrowing to weaning) and post-weaning diarrhea (in the first weeks after weaning) (Straw et al<\/em>, 2006)<\/a>. They can also be present in combination with other pathogens including rotavirus, and cause other diseases such as edema disease and urinary tract infections (Bertschinger and Fairbrother, 1999; Cowart, 1995)<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/a>E. coli<\/em> from livestock feces can survive on grass for at least 5-6 months, affording opportunity to contaminate animals, plants or water. E. coli<\/em> on pasture originating from pigs declines significantly faster than that originating from cattle and sheep (Avery et al., 2004)<\/a>. It is therefore important to move arcs to fresh pasture between uses.<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\nNeonatal E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nPost-weaning E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nNutrition and E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nBreed resistance and E. coli<\/em> infection<\/a>
\nControl and Prevention<\/a>
\nTreatment Options<\/a>
\nGood Practice<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nNeonatal E. coli <\/em>infection<\/h3>\n
<\/a>Infection in neonatal piglets is due to sudden exposure to the bacteria on the skin of the mother, the farrowing hut environment and from other piglets. The excretion rate of E. coli<\/em> from the sow increases the week following parturition<\/a><\/span> (Goswami et al., 2011; Hampson et al., 1987)<\/a>. Pathogenic E. coli<\/em> produce a toxin in the intestine that\u00a0can result in severe fluid loss (scours). Diarrhea will appear within the first 2-3 hours after infection and\u00a0can occur\u00a0in\u00a0either\u00a0individual piglets or whole litters (Bertschinger and Fairbrother, 1999)<\/a>. Feces may be clear or white\/yellow\/brown. Severe cases result in dehydration, and mortality<\/a><\/span> of up to 70% in piglets affected in the first days of life. This mortality rate rapidly decreases as pigs are affected at later stages (Taylor, 2013; Hall, 1989)<\/a>. Diagnosis requires laboratory testing of gut contents or rectal swabs.<\/p>\n
Young piglet diarrhea (between the neonatal and post-weaning periods)<\/h3>\n
Pre-weaning piglets, between the ages of 7 and 28 days old, can be affected by a grey or white diarrhea and become hairy and emaciated, which may result in permanent stunting (Taylor, 2013)<\/a>. Pigs of any age that are fed milk replacer diets or poor quality creep feed, may also be affected by this type of diarrhea. It rarely affects a whole litter, the larger animals of the litter tend to be worst affected, and\u00a0many, if not all, litters on the farm can be affected. From 8 days onwards, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis may occur, resulting in sudden death, with or without the passage of brown diarrhea. The feces of recovering animals tend to remain white, whilst getting progressively firmer\u00a0(Taylor, 2013)<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Post-weaning E. coli <\/em>infection<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/a>Post-weaning colibacillosis causes watery yellow or grey\/brown watery projectile diarrhea and\u00a0dehydration. Blood and mucus are rarely present. Once pigs stop receiving maternal antibodies from their mother’s milk, they become susceptible to infections of E. coli<\/em> acquired from the farm environment.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n
<\/span>The weaning of piglets is often associated with digestive disorders, particularly diarrhea post-weaning colibacillosis (PWC) which is caused by infection with enterotoxigenic<\/a><\/span> strains of E. coli<\/em> (Montagne et al, 2004)<\/a>. Infections in young and weaned piglets mirror neonatal infections, producing yellowish diarrhea and dehydration. Feed intake falls significantly, and severe cases show signs of lethargy and disorientation. However, diarrhea tends to be less severe, and although growth rates may be affected, mortality rates are lower, at around 10% (Taylor, 1995)<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Certain serotypes of E. coli<\/em> cause edema disease, typically after weaning (Bertschinger and Fairbrother, 1999)<\/a>. Edema<\/a><\/span> disease, also known as bowel edema, can occur concurrently with post-weaning diarrhea. Whereas PWC is a communicable diarrhea caused by endotoxins<\/a><\/span>, edema disease is a communicable enterotoxemia<\/a><\/span>\u00a0caused by verotoxigenic\u00a0strains of E. coli <\/em>(Straw et al, <\/em>2006)<\/a>. The protein toxin released by the E.coli<\/em> enters the bloodstream and damages certain tissues. Edema<\/a><\/span> of the mesocolon and submucosa of the stomach are frequently seen.<\/p>\n
There is a noticeable difference in mortality caused by edema disease and post-weaning diarrhea, with the latter averaging 30-40% mortality and edema disease averaging 50-90% mortality (Straw et al<\/em>, 2006)<\/a>. In a live pig, diagnosis of edema disease is based on the sudden appearance of neurological symptoms, most usually ataxia<\/a><\/span> or a staggering gait, 1-2 weeks after weaning. Swelling under the skin of the eyelids and frontal bones are also characteristic\u00a0(Straw et al<\/em>, 2006)<\/a>. Please consult your veterinarian for further advice.<\/p>\n
<\/a>Other common causes of piglet diarrhea:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Piglet diarrhea<\/a>\u00a0(Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Clostridial infections<\/a>\u00a0(Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Coccidiosis<\/a>\u00a0(Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Salmonellosis (All age groups)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) (Most dramatic in neonates, but can affect other age groups)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV)<\/a>\u00a0(Most dramatic in neonates, but can affect other age groups)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Rotavirus (Usually neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Cryptosporidium (Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Clostridial infections<\/a>\u00a0(Neonatal)<\/em><\/li>\n
- Ticks<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- SIRS<\/a><\/li>
- Ringworm<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- PEARS<\/a><\/li>
- Meningitis<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- Mange<\/a><\/li>
- Lice<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
- Eimeria<\/a><\/li>
- E. coli<\/a><\/li>
- Coccidiosis in Pigs<\/a><\/li>
- Clostridia<\/a><\/li>
- B<\/a><\/li>